浙江余杭汇观山良渚文化祭坛与墓地发掘简报

Excavation of an Altar and Graveyard of the Liangzhu Culture At Huiguanshan,Yuhang,Zhejiang

汇观山位于浙江杭州市西北约25公里——杭宁公路(104国道)之侧,地属余杭市瓶窑镇外窑村(图一)。汇观山是一座孤立的自然山丘,北望天目山支脉的丛山峻岭,南临苕溪。东与反山及良渚文化中心址莫角山相距仅约2公里。整座山为长条形,呈东南一西北走向。它的北部俗称“馒头山”,相传原先开矿时曾有玉器出土。中部是整座山的主高点,海拔约22米,顶部是一块较为平坦的台状凸起的高地,东西长40余、南北宽30余、高约2米。上有近代三排灰浆墓穴及乱坟,当地人称“汇棺山”、“会馆山”或“魏馆山”,知其音读而无定字。

The site is located at Waiman village near Yuhang city,about 25 km to the northwest of Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, and is 7 km from the well-known site of Yaoshan altar to its east and only 2 km from the cemetery at Fanshan and an large architectural site at Mojiaoshan. It was excavated by a team of archaeologists from the Zhejiang Institute of Archeology from February to June of 1990.Surrounded with a moat,the altar has an approximately rectangular plan,measuring 45 m from west to east and 33 m from north to south, and its quadrilateral-pyramidal shape is very similar to the alter of the Liangzhu culture at Yaoshan. The restored western and eastern sides are tiered and stepped. And whether the other sides were same depends upon future discoveries.Altogether four tombs of the Liangzhu Culture were found to the southwest of the altar. All of them were of a vertical earthen shaft,and one,M4,contained a coffin within a coffin chamber and yielded some pottery vessels from between the two,a funerary practice never encountered elsewhere. The four tombs yielded a total of 173 objects made of pottery, stone and jade. A jade bracelet from M2 was elegantly shaped and finely decorated.The site ranks among the Ten Major Archaeological Finds of 1991 in China.