辽宁牛河梁第五地点一号冢中心大墓(M1)发掘简报

Excavation of M1 of Mound 1 of Locality 5 at Niuheliang in Liaoning

1987年9月18日,在清理牛河梁红山文化第五地点一号积石冢时,在积石冢的中心部位,发现了1座中心大墓(M1),遂对其进行了正式发掘,至20日清理发掘结束。现将发现情况简报如下: 一牛河梁红山文化第五地点东北直线距第一地点神庙遗址约2公里,系一略呈北陡南缓。

In 1987 September archaeologists excavated a group of three boulder mounds arranged in a line. One of the mounds lay atop of a round hill of Locality 5,and a large tomb(Ml) was found at its center.Cut out of the rock,the tomb has an orientation of 119 degrees,meaasures 3. 8 m in length, 3. 1m in width and 2.25m in depth,and has a rectangular mouth with rounded corners. A secondary platform was found running along the walls of the tomb. A coffin laide with stone plates at the center of the tomb contains a male skeleton heading to the east in a supine, stretching posture. Seven pieces of jade articles were found on him. Of them,two discs are found placed on both sides of the head,a drum-shaped and cloud- like ornam(?)t on the chest,a bracelet at the position of his right wrist,and two turtles at that of his (?)ands. The way the secondary platform and stone coffin were built is very unique. And t(?)e location of funerary objects also suggests a Shamanist custom. The seven lustrous ar(?)es of an ex(?)ent quality are best examples of the Hongshan jade objects.