马克思主义对科技革命的积极回应

The Positive Attitude of Marxism Towards Revolution in Science and Technology

马克思主义对科技革命的积极回应○刘大椿［内容提要］本文认为，正是马克思最早自觉地把科学技术与社会发展联系起来考察，指出在资本主义条件下，由于科学技术已经并入了生产，它就由“一般的社会生产力”变成了“直接的生产力”；列宁把科学技术与社会主义政权建设结合起来，制定了宏伟的全国电气化计划，并指出了知识分子，特别是科技专家对社会主义事业的重要作用；邓小平把科学技术现代化与社会主义结合起来，提出社会主义的根本任务是解放生产力、发展生产力，而科学技术是第一生产力。马克思、列宁、邓小平三位大师对科学技术重要作用的论述，说明了马克思主义对科技革命作出了积极的回应。［作者简介］刘大椿，１９４４年生，北京，中国人民大学哲学系教授。邮政编码：１００８７２。马克思主义与科技革命是这个时代最重要的特征。在深入研究社会主义与科学、马克思主义与科技革命相互关系的各种理论和实践问题之始，让我们首先通过马克思、列宁。

Marx was the first person to link science and technology with social development. He examined the capitalist society and observed that since science and technology had already integrated into production,they had become “direct productivity”.Lenin,too,combined science and technology with construction of socialism by designing a grand project for national electrification,pointing out the important roles intellectuals played in the cause of socialism,especially those of experts in science and technology. Deng Xiaoping holds the same view. He associates socialism with modernization of science and technology. Deng asserts that the essence of socialism is to liberate and promote productivity,and science and technology is the first productive force. What the three great masters said about science and technology shows that Marxism maintains a positive attitude towards science and technology.