当代西欧民主社会主义的危机及其原因

Crises of Democratic Socialism in West Europe and Causes for These Crises

本文认为：１当代西欧民主社会主义的危机主要表现在一些主要社会民主党的党员人数减少，在选举中的得票率下降；社会民主党的经济和社会政策陷入失效困境，开支过大的社会福利国家难以为继；理论上迷惘退缩，对“社会主义”目标出现认同危机，正日益失去自己的特色而与其他政治派别趋同。２西欧非社会民主党的学者对当代西欧民主社会主义危机原因提出了三种有代表性的观点，即新自由主义、新保守主义者的“历史使命终结论”；正统马克思主义者的“背离论”；调节学派的“危机必然论”。其中，西欧调节学派提出的把民主社会主义模式的产生发展、兴盛衰落与战后资本主义经济发展阶段的变化联系起来分析的观点。

AbstractThe crises of democratic socialism in West Europe are revealed in three aspects.First of all,the number of major socialist democratic paries are declining,making them losing votes in elections.Secondly,their economic and social policies are challenged by severe problems,resulting in over burden of the governments in welfare countries.And thirdly,confusion and recession theoretically has given ries to crisis in conformity to goal of “socialism”,thus losing their own characteristics. Representative explanations for these crises put forward by Professionals in West Europe are the “theory of end of historical responsibility” of the new liberalism and new conservatism,“deviation theory” of orthodox Marxism,and theory of “inveitable crises” of school of regulation.Of the three,the approach of analyzing the rise and progress,ups and downs of the democratic socialism model against the background of development of capitalist economy after the War raised by the school of regulation in west Europe sounds rational.