西方学者对马克思主义的新反思

New Introspection of western Scholars over Marxism

本文对西方的马克思主义研究最新成果作了系统分析，认为，西方的马克思主义研究者关于苏联模式社会主义的失败不等于整个社会主义事业失败的说法是正确的，但他们在反思苏东剧变时把马克思主义与列宁主义对立起来则是原则性的错误；他们强调用发展的观点、整体的观点来看待马克思主义，强调马克思主义的实践性品格，呼吁走出书斋，面向生活，这些无疑都是马克思主义的题中应有之义，但他们以马克思主义的多种形式的发展来论证马克思主义的多元性，以及割裂无产阶级政党与马克思主义的内在联系，则是错误的；他们关于马克思的市场经济学说与权力和国家学说业已失效的观点仍需深入辨识，至于他们提出的马克思主义中三个方面的“活东西”，则反映了他们对马克思主义中关于人的全面发展的理论、关于批判资本主义的理论、关于人与自然之间建立和谐关系的理论的关注与重视，这对我们的理论研究和现代化建设实践都有积极的启迪性作用；他们坚信马克思主义仍然具有现实性，并从马克思学说已成为人类知识宝库中的一份珍贵遗产、现代资本主义社会百孔千疮内在矛盾日益尖锐、中国社会主义现代化建设的突出成就等三个方面来加以论证，这些阐述是极为充分和值得赞赏的，但就理论力度而言仍显逊色。

This articles offers a systematic analysis of the latest findings of Marxist studies in the west.The western Marxist conclusion is quite right that failure of Soviet and East European patterns of socialism does not indicate failure of socialism as a whole.However,their view that Leninism is against Marxism is not justified.These faithful Marxists argue for the feasibility of Marxism today,raising three points to support their thesis:(1),Marxist theory as valuable heritage of all mankind:(2),the intensified contradictions within modern capitalism;and (3),the outstanding achievement of socialist China.We should say that their arguments are sufficient and admirable,though not powerful enough theoretically.For one thing they are right to maintain the point of view of development,wholeness,and practice;for another,they are wrong to explain the multi variant nature of Marxism with different forms of Marxism,and they tend to cut off the links between Marxism and Marxist parties.What is more.they are wrong to consider that Marxist market economics and Marxist theories on power and state are already out of date.Obviously they are concerned about Marxist theories on human development,on criticism of capitalism and establishment of harmonious relationship between nature and mankind.All this can assist us in our theoretical studies as well as in construction of modernization.