1953～1978年:国家工业化与农业政策选择

From 1953 to 1978:the National lndustrialization and Agricultural Policies

本文认为，我国在建国初期特定的约束条件下，选择了重工业优先发展的战略。在这种情况下，为了快捷而有效地汲取农业剩余，采取了一整套以扭曲产品和要素价格为主要内容的工农业贸易政策，农业被定位成工业化资金积累的源泉，丧失了自我积累和自我发展的正常条件，并导致了农业的周期性波动。这种政策扭曲，总的来说不利于农业发展，但它使我国克服了国家工业化初期投资不足和需求不足这两大难题，建立起了独立完整的民族工业体系，实现了经济迅速发展的目标。

During the early days of the republic,our government set up strategies of placing heavy industry as the priority of development.Under this specific circumstances policies of trade between industry and agriculture were made to draw on surplus of agriculture in order to guarantee rapid development in industry.Unfortunately,as these policies ignored the need of agriculture itself and used agriculture as the source of capital for industry by twisting prices of agricultural products,the rural areas lost opportunities of self accumulation and self development.As a result agriculture was put at a disadvantageous position,though implementation of these policies helped solve the problems of lacking funds and short of demands in the early periods of industrialization.Thus,an independent and complete industrial system was set up and the goal for rapid economic development was realized.