汉代踏板织机的复原研究

A study on the Treadle Loom of the Han Dynasty

关于汉代织机的复原研究早在60年代初期就已开始,宋伯胤和黎忠义在《文物》1962年第3期上发表专文对当时所知的六种汉画石上的织机图像作了归纳,并初步进行了斜织机复原的尝试。此后,夏鼐又对此作了进一步的复原设计,为大家所经常引用。80年代,高汉玉和屠恒贤等也提出了不同的看法。然而,这些研究都没能彻底解决汉代织机的复原问题,因为复原的结果与画像石图像的形状、与当时的技术背景。

The Han dynasty loom is an attractive subject to many scholars,yet a puzzle still unsolved. Based on many Han stone reliefs showing treadle loom recently uncovered in Jiangsu and Shandong, especially on an examination of the pottery loom model collected by Ms. Krishna Riboud, president of A. R. D. T. A. ,the author of the essay probes into the reproduction of the Han treadle loom . The main type of the Han loom, according to him. is one composed of a slant frame, one shaft, two treadles and one or two chief axles. Its working principle is that the chief axles, when connected with two treadles and driven by them, are capable of containing the shaft to form a shuttleshed. No much difference exists between the single-axle and double-axle looms, except for the shape of the frame and the fixing method of warp and cloth beams. The author also discusses what ancient Chinese literature referred to as 'horizontal loom',one with a single treadle and waist-tention hand, which, he believes,was only used in southwestern China.