从纳维妮亚看奥尼尔的悲剧意识──分析奥尼尔的剧作《悲悼》

O'Neil's Tragic Vision Embodied in Lavinia: On Mourning Becomes Electra

奥尼尔把自己的所有剧作看成是他在“荒野中的探索和呐喊”。作者在荒野中的探索和呐喊，在本剧中表现为女主入公纳维妮亚（Ｌａｖｉｎｉａ）在黑夜中对命运的反抗。纳维妮亚在剧终的选择不仅表现了她面对现实的胆量，而更重要的是她对命运的反抗精神，彻底清除孟南家族罪恶的决心和她的自我牺牲精神。她的最后选择不仅包含着本剧的悲剧意义，且反映了奥尼尔的悲剧意识：人的伟大在于明知同命运搏斗，结局必败，但仍不放弃同它斗争。

Abstract O'Neill considered all his plays as ' a search and cry in the wilderness!' O' Neill's search and cry in the wilderness is dramatized in that of Lavinia in the darkness. Lavinia's Final choice symbolizes not only her courage to confront the reality, but also her heroic struggle against the fate of her family, her resolution to eliminate the evils in the Mannon house and her self-sacrifice. In Lavinia's final choice lies the tragic depth of the play and, moreover, O'Neill's philosophy of tragedy: The greatness of man is embodied in his persistent struggle against fate with the awareness of a doomed defeat.