诗社与书会──元代两类知识分子群体及其价值取向的分野

Shi She(Poets' Society)and Shu Hui(Book Club):The Two Types of Intellectual Groups in the Yuan Dynasty and Their Different Value Orientations

元代前期，出现了诗社与书会这两类在价值取向上有着明显分野的知识分子群体。面对时代巨变，诗社知识分子无所适从，他们心头笼罩着巨大的失落和幻灭的情绪，因而希冀退避到传统价值体系中去寻觅粕神支柱。书会知识分子却能从以为官从政为核心的狭小生存空间脱壳而出，迈步更广阔的生活。价值取向的分野亦导致了不同的创作局面。诗社诗人的创作仍不脱孤芳自赏，洁身自爱的窠臼；书会知识分子则与民间艺人相结合，创造出元代杂剧及散曲创作的辉煌局面。

Abstract In the early Yuan Dynasty,there appeared two types of intellectual group-Shi She or the poets' society and Shu Hut or the book club,which found different value onentations.Intellectuals of the poets society,facing the great change of the time,were at a loss what to do.Overcome by great disillusionment,they retreated way back into the traditional value standards,hoping to find a spiritual mainstay.On the contrary,intellectuals of the book club were able to get out of the restricted officialdom into a broader life circle.Their different value orientations led to different results in literary creation.Members of the poets'society,being haughty and aloof, were indulged in self-admiration,while intellectuals of the book club mixed with the folk artists and reached the highest achievement in the creation of Za Ju(the Yuan play)and San Qu(the non-dramatic songs).