二难推理新探

A Deep Exploration of the Dilemma Inference

现行普通逻辑教材关于二难推理的内容有两个问题值得商榷：一是把二难推理形式局限于充分条件假言二难推理，而将必要条件假言二难推理排除在外；二是对二难推理规则的提法似有不足。二难推理的全部正确推理形式应是八个，而不是四个。二难推理的规则仅仅是保证推理形式有效的规则，并不涉及前提内容的真实与否。深入探讨二难推理的形式和规则，不仅具有一定的理论意义，而且有规范实际思维、防止逻辑错误的实际意义。

There are two questions being open to deliberation concerning the content of the dilemma inference in the general logic readings for teaching. One is that the forms of dilemma inference were confined within the inferences of full conditional hypothesis, those of necessary conditional hypothesis were excluded.It is another that the formulation of the regulations of dilemma inference seems to lack enough accuracy. The number of all correct forms of dilemma inference should be not that four but eight. The regulations of dilemma inference are merely to guarantee the efficacy of the form of dilemma inference, it doesn't relate to whether the premise content is correct or not.A deep exploration of the forms and regulations of dilemma inference have not only a certain theoretical meaning, but also a realistic meaning that will standard the realistic thinking and forestall logic errors.