论中世纪西欧基督教的精神禁锢

On the Spiritual Shackle from Christianity in Medieval Western Europe

基督教作为一种观念形态统治了整个中世纪时期的西欧。其支派天主教派向人们宣传上帝创造世界的世界观、赎罪救灵魂的人生观和博爱的伦理观。它用一整套教理教规束缚人的头脑和人身。教士由於帮助人拯救灵魂而取得特权，让人们屈服在教会的权威之下，连帝王也不例外。这种情况阻碍了科技的发展和社会进步。基督教的精神统治是当时西欧的政治经济条件决定的。十四、十五世纪社会情况发生变化，新阶级产生，民族国家形成。新兴阶级所发动的文艺复兴和宗教改革解放了人的思想，结束了封建天主教在文化上思想上的黑暗统治，开启了一个新时代。

Christianity had dominated over the ideological sphere by its theology in medieval western Europe. The people, their thoughts and practices, were imprisoned by the religious doctrines and views for nearlyone thousand years. The priests helped Christians to save soul, so that they, especially the upper circles, enjoyed a lot of privileges. People were controlled by them. They even submitted to the authority of the Roman Church.One important result of the spiritual shackle from the feudal Christianity in the West hindered the development of science, technology and the culture, thus hindering the society from going further. In pace with steady growth of production, the new class-bourgeoisie and nation-states came into heing. The whole outlook and conditions of the Middle Ages were being transformed by the incoming modern spirit. Italian Renaissance and the Reformation liberated people's ideology and made the priestly monopoly of grace untenable for ever.