试论美国描写语言学对汉语语法学的影响──从布龙菲尔德《语言论》谈起

On the Influence of American Descriptive linguistics over the Study of Chinese Grammar──With reference to Bloomfield's Language

布龙菲尔德是美国描写语言学派的代表人物。他在《语言论》中确立了一系列语言结构共时描写的原则和方法。本文集中从四个方面探讨描写语言学对汉语语法学的影响：语素分析法及词类归并原则的运用；突出短语结构在句法学中的地位，从形式入手分析句法结构、划定句子成分；直接成分分析法的运用；对汉语语法体系嬗变的影响。

Leonard Bloomfield is the representative figure of American discriptivists. In his book 《Language》, Bloomfield established principles and methods for synchronous description of the structures of language. The paper probes the influence of descriptivists on the study of grammar of Chinese language from four aspects: First, analytical method of morpheme and the usage of the principle for the classification of sentence structure; Second, the prominence of prase structure in the study of syntax for the analysis of sentence structure and classification of elements of the sentence; Third, usage of the immediate constituents analysis method. Fourth, the general influence on the evolution of the description of the grammar system of Chinese language.