吐蕃占领期与归义军时期的敦煌僧官制度

Study on the System of Dunhuang Buddhist Offical during the Period of Tibetan Occupation in Dunhuang to Gui Yi Jun Regime

敦煌地区自唐德宗建中二年(781年)陷蕃之后,有两个半世纪实际上处于独立或半独立的状态。其间经历了蕃占时期(781—848年)、归义军张氏统治时期(848——914年)和归义军曹氏统治时期(914——1037年)三个阶段,还有一段公元905年后一度建立“西汉金山国”的插曲。这两个半世纪的敦煌僧官制度既有中原内地的影响,又有明鲜的地方色彩,它是我国僧官制度史的重要组成部分。本文据所见敦煌遗书,碑刻、题记,结合传世僧俗文献,对之略作考索、整理,以为方家深入研究之助。

The paper analysed integrately the materials related with the system of Buddhist officals seen in Dunhuang MSS and the historical accounts, elaborated the change of names of Dunhuang Buddhist Offical and the transmisstion of contents during the period of Tibetan occupation of Dunhuang to Gui Yi Jun regime, and expounded the organizational arrangement, assignation of the positions and power and system of working of Du-Seng-Tong-Si which was the highest organization of Dunhuang Buddhist Offical. Then, author pointed that Du-Seng-Tong-Si concentrated the power of legistation, judicial and finance of Dunhuang Buddhist society. Though its subordinate organization had delicate division of labour, the important decisions must obey to the director of Du-Seng-Tong-Si. But, at the same time, the Dependence of Dunhuang Buddhist Officals to the government strengthened. The important points of social actives of Buddhist Officals transformed into the ecconomic businesses. Both made up the main contents of popularization of the Dunhuang Buddhist Officals.