战后的法国外交

Franc’s Post-World War II Foreign Policy: Continuity and Change

一个国家,尤其是一个长期以来在国际事务中有着重要作用和影响的国家,由于历史传统、地缘政治、民族利益、人民情绪、经济条件、文化遗产等多种原因,其对外政策往往有某些万变不离其宗的因素。然而,由于国际形势和国内政局的变动以及不同执政者的不同思想、气质、风格、政治色彩等原因,对外政策又必定会有调整和发展变化。不同国家不同时期的外交,有时连续性占上风,有时调整变化占主导地位。因此,观察一国外交,不能割断历史、忽视传统,要具体情况具体分析。

The year 1958 has seen a turning point in France's post-World War Ⅱdiplomacy. It is true that continuity in Foreign Policy is the predominantcharacteristic of the Fifth Republic. There is also obvious continuity betweenthe Fourth Republic and that of the Fifth in the quest for world rank,European construction and Franco-German reconciliation. The Fifth Republichas gradually succeeded in adjusting to the new international environmentafter World War Ⅱ, where the Fourth Republic failed to. This is what dif-fers most the Fifth Republic from that of the Fourth. De Gaulle succeeded iu adjusting France's Foreign Policy to post-WorldWar Ⅱ conditions, which meant decolonization, superpower phenomenon andin opening up an independent way of development in the bipolar world. Thisseems to be the most significant achievement after he returned to power, It was within the bipolar world that French International Policy wasshaped. Now with the bipolar world dissolved, France has to go beyond gaul-list Foreign Policy in order to adjust to new historical conditions.