论南罗得西亚单方面宣布“独立”的原因

The 1965 Movemenr for Independence in Southern Rhodesia

1965年,英国在南部非洲的自治殖民地南罗得西亚的白人种族主义政权单方面宣布南罗得西亚脱离英国“独立”(以下一般简称:单方面宣布“独立”)。这一事件是第二次世界大战后非殖民化进程和非洲民族主义国家体系形成过程中的一个特殊历史现象。本文拟对导致这种特殊历史现象的各种因素系统地加以探讨。

During the end of the 1950's and the middle of the 1960's, the internaland external situation of Southern Rhodesia changed drastically. With thechallenge of African nationalism and change of British colonial policy to-wards Africa, the innate contradictions of Southern Rhodesian society beca-me acute and the white minority rule fell into adeep crisis. Within the white community, different factions argued about the beststrategy to safeguard white interests in a rapidly changing Africa. TheEstablishment, the party of‘partnership', 'favoured a‘liberal' reform andsome concessions to African aspiration, while extremely racist parties inoppostition opposed any reform and concession. The intransigency in racerelations of the white settlers led to the electoral victory of the RhodesianFront and the breakdown of the independence negotiations.