“为学”与“为道”

"The Pursuit of Studies" and "the Pursuit of Tao"

海德格尔认为,"人生在世"("人在世界中的存在") 不仅意味着人对于一个一个的个别具体事物发生关系,而且意味着人对于整个世界的把握、态度和立场.前者是具体科学的问题,换言之,具体科学以追求知识作为自己的任务;后者是哲学或形而上学的问题,换言之,哲学或形而上学以把握整体作为自己探索的目标.海德格尔认为,科学知识与哲学、形而上学两者处于完全不同的领域,后者在等级上高于前者.海德格尔这种关于具体知识的追求与世界整体的探索的区分,如果借用中国哲学的术语来说,前者就可以叫做"为学",后者就可以叫做"为道".中国哲学史上最早明确作这种区分并认为后者高于前者的是《老子》。

'The pursuit of studies' means to acquire knowledge or learning; 'the pursuitof Tao,' Oil the other hand, means to acquire a conception of the world as a wholeand to assume a particular way of life. The old tradition in Western philosophy laidlemphasis on the pursuit of studies and on reasoning. This gave rise to a mobid intel-lectualism Which many modern and contemporary philosophers seek to remedy. Con-fucianism, on the contrary, laid special emphasis on the pursuit of Tao and on intuition.This gave rise to the neglect of the proper study of nature. In order to developChinese philosophy, we must curb the Confucian overemphasis on the pursuit of Taoand, at the same time, assimilate the positive values in the pursuit of studies.