唐苏谅妻马氏汉、巴列维文墓志再研究

A NEW STUDY OF THE CHINESE-PEHLEVI EPITAPH OF MRS. SU LIANG, NEE MA, OF THE TANG DYNASTY

一、墓志研究概况 1955年冬,陕西省文物管理委员会于西安市土门村附近,发现唐苏谅妻马氏墓志。志石正面上半刻有某种外国文字,横书六行;下半为汉文,直书七行(图一)。报告发表于《考古》1964年第9期,在报告后面附有夏鼐的《唐苏谅妻马氏墓志跋》。夏鼐的跋文对墓志汉文铭文作了详尽的考释。墓志的外国文字部分由日本樋口隆康教授托当时京都大学伊藤义教博士研究。伊藤博士确定志石外国文字部分为中古波斯语之巴列维文,他借助汉文铭文,解读了巴列维文铭文。其解读工作包括将巴列维文铭文摹写复原、拉丁字转写、注明中古波斯文读法,

The epitaph of Mrs Su Liang, Nee Ma, discovered at Tumen Village near Xi'an in 1955 is a rare bilingual Chinese-Pehlivi stele. The inscription has been approached from various angles by scholars both at home and abroad since the 1960s. In the present paper the author makes a new decipherment of its Pehlevi version and revises the Latin transcription published in Kaogu Xuebao Issue 2, 1964. To make the new transribed text more reliable, scientific and convenient for readers, each word of the new text is accompanied with its reconstructed sounl value in Middle Persian and with its meaning in Chinese.In this article he also discusses the origin and meaning of each key word in each line of the Pehlevi text as well as the meanings of the sentences with key words. The critical annotation of the Pehlevi version is based on its comparison with the Chinese version, a method commonly employed in decipherment of multi-lingual documents here in China. As regards the two words in the fourth line of the Pehlevi text which are obliterated almost beyond recognition and which have been restored as 'sn twn' and translated into the ancient Chinese reign title '咸通' by a Japanese scholar, with whom all deciphers abroad agree, the author of this paper hold that they should rather be read as 'hm twn' according to the pronunciation of Chinese in the 9th century.