安阳大寒村南岗遗址

THE SOUTH MOUND SITE AT DAHANCUN VILLAGE. ANYANG

大寒村位于河南省安阳市东南约15公里,白壁集南约2公里。遗址坐落在村南约500米的一个高7—8米的土岗上,故称南岗。岗南有一条向东流的小溪,岗的东、北、西三面有路沟环绕。遗址面积约25万平方米。1961年夏,安阳市文管会和我队在考古调查中发现此遗址。1962年,我队曾对此遗址进行试掘。1965年,配合北京大学历史系考古专业62级同学实习,在1962年试掘地点的西南约200米处进行发掘,发掘工作自9月13日开始。

Dahancun Village is situated about 15 km southeast of Anyang City and about 2 km south of Baibiji Township. The site delt with in the present paper is discovered on an earth mound about 500 m south of Dahancun Village. The site is rich in remains of the Henan Longshan culture. In the stratified deposits here the layer of this culture is quite thick and covers the whole area of the mound. The remains uncovered at the site include 6 house foundations, 20 ash-pits and 2 tombs of the Henan Longshan, 1 ash-pit of the Erlitou, and 3 tombs of the Western Zhou, as well as pottery, stone and bone objects. The Longshan house foundations are clustered in two groups, each having a circular and two rectangular foundations. These structures are connected with paths covered by thick layers of earth deposits, showing that they were built in the same period. Large pieces of lime surface were discovered on floors and walls and in doorways. These are important data for studying the layout, structure and architecture of Henan Longshan houses. The pottery unearthed is mainly grey ware, followed by black one, with red, white and orangered ones occurring in rare cases and black and grey eggshell vessels in a small number. They are mainly wheel-made. The overwhelming majority of vessels have plain and polished surface, and the decorations when found are chiefly cord patterns. The main form are the li(tripod), ding (tripod), guan (pot), dou (stemmed. bowl), basin, bowl, cup and lid. They are similar to those discovered at Hougang of Anyang and at Beiying of Tangyin County, which show that they are of the same cultural type. The discovery of the Erlitou remains is one of the important results of the excavation. It gives the first example of the stratigraphical evidence of the Longshan-Erlitou sequence and provides valuable data for studying the distribution and origin of the Erlitou culture.