剑川鳌凤山古墓发掘报告

EXCAVATIONS OF ANCIENT TOMBS ON AOFENGSHAN HILL, JIANCHUAN COUNTY, YUNNAN

剑川县位于云南省大理白族自治州北部,地处云岭山脉南部,山脉多属南北走向,地势北高南低,主峰雪邦山海拔4295.5米。主要平坝(平原)有金华、马登、沙溪等地。东部的沙溪坝海拔2095米,位于县城南30公里处,南北长20、东西宽10公里,四周为高山环抱,中央有一南北走向长条形小丘,从东山顶俯视有若展翅欲飞的凤凰,因而名为鳌凤山。黑惠江从其东侧向南流去。

In 1980, 217 earthpit tombs, 34 tombs of urn burial and 91 tombs of cremation burial were excavated on Aofengshan Hill at Shaxibazi of Jianchuan County, the north Dali Autonomous Region of the Bai Nationality, Yunnan Province and altogether 572 funeral objects were unearthed. The tombs are scattered on the top and the western slope of the hill. The tombs of urn burial and cremation burial are superimposed on the earthpit ones. Most of the earth pits are rectangular and a small number of them have single or inner and outer wooden coffins. There are both single and joint burials. Of the funeral objects, bronzes are predominant, including tools, weapons and ornaments. Among the ornaments, hair bands were discovered for the first time. The pottery includes handleless and single- and double-handled pots. Among the stone objects there are knives, moulds, pendants and arrowheads. Besides, there were found jades, glass beads and agate and turquoise ornaments, as well as cowries and pig and sheep lower jawbones. According to their stratigraphical position and difference in structure and funeral objects, the earthpit tombs can be divided into two kinds. Their bronzes and pottery vessels, except some with local characteristics, recall those from Shizhaishan in Jinning County and from the early Lijiashan complex in Jiangchuan County, so they can be dated to the period roughly from the end of the Warring States to the first years of the Western Han Dynasty. The urn and cremation burials belong to another cultural type of a later period. But their pottery has some similarities to theft of the earthpit tombs in paste, craft and shape, so their date cannot be too far from that of the latter, roughly in the Eastern Han Dynasty.