拉美经济的回顾与展望

Latin American Economy: Review and Prospect

当前拉美地区仍处于战后“最深刻的经济危机之中”。现任美洲开发银行行长、联合国拉美经委会前任执行秘书伊格莱西亚斯前不久著文说,“大多数拉美国家在80年代所经历的极为严重的经济和社会困难,可能是这些国家现代史上最严重的困难”。经济停滞、通货膨胀、巨额外债三大相互关联、相互制约的问题,一直困扰着拉美国家。

Since the early 1980s, Latin America has been caught in 'the deepest economic crisis after the Second World War', which is unprecedented in the Latin American history as far as the length of its continuance, the width of the affected range and its impact are concerned. What is obvious to all is that the Latin American countries have made great efforts and paid a price to overcome the crisis. In the past decade, they had been troubled by the three serious problems of economic stagnation, inflation and huge foreign debt which arc interrerated and interacted with each other. In order to get out of the quagmire, they carried out economic reforms and adjustments and meanwhile coordinated their stand to seek a better position in the negotiations with the creditor nations and the creditor banks so as to lighten the burden of their foreign debt. The obvious progress achieved both in the democratization process in Latin America and the pcace process in Central America, and the increasing reinfofcement of the cooperation and the economic intergration within the region in recent years have provided advantageous internal and external environments for the future economic development in Latin America. However, there are still some disadvantageous elements: the US made use of the opportunity of the soviet retreat to intensify its contol and interference in this region; the debt problems remained outstanding since the Western countrics focused their aid on the East European countries where drastic changes took place last year. Thus, It can be predicted that the economic development in the Latin American countries, will proceed on a zigzag road in the future.