莫高窟第108窟酥碱起甲壁画的修复报告

A Report on the Restoration of the Alkalized Murals in Cave 108at Mogao Grottoes

一、第108窟保存现状莫高窟108窟为五代所建的大型洞窟。窟内有中心佛坛,上有一趺坐佛(五代塑)、二弟子、四天王。该窟在莫高窟窟区中部的下层。窟内地面比现在窟区地面低2米左右。窟内阴暗潮湿。甬道处可见以前沙埋的痕迹,证明以前流沙曾将该窟埋没。60年代加固工程施工时为了开拓上层通道,甬道加长2米左右,在没装门以前阳光不能直接射入窟内。1986年安装铝合金门。窟门下部与甬道顶部相平,空气不太流通。沙埋时窟内湿度大,潮湿空气不易排出,窟内四角处湿度增大,下部地下水及崖体自身水分的侵蚀,壁画全都酥碱。

Cave 108 is in the lower middle of the cliff Serious deseases have been found in the murals, i. e., large areas of wrinkles have been caused by alkaline softening. Before and after the restoration of the alkalized murals complete records, written and photographed, have been made. Experiments were made on adhesive materials to be used and polyvinyl acetate emulsion was chosen finally. Different concentrations of the emulsion have been used for restoring the wrinkled murals (3%), the alkalized ones (2.5%) and for surface spray (1.5%). To reinforce the fringes of the murals, a plaster mixed of a special kind of clay and fine sand has been utilized. The procedure of restoration is as follows: cleansing, instilling the emulsion, flattening, spraying the surface and reinforcing. After the restoration, the formerly obscured pictures have been clarified.