摘要
1922年2月28日,在华夫脱党领导的埃及民族独立浪潮冲击下,占领埃及多年的英国被迫宣布给予埃及有条件的独立。①1923年4月19日,埃及颁布有史以来第一部宪法。
The failure of Egypt's constitutional experiment undertaken from 1923
to 1952 was the outcome of inter-functioning of various factors in the Egypt-
ian society. Its main objective causes were the presence of and sa botage by-
the British colonialism, the powerful force of feudalism, the three econom-
ic crises, and the impact of the Second World War. The political immaturity
of the Egyptian capitalist class was an important subjective cause for the fai-
lure, illustrated by its feeble strength, disunity, corruption and degeneration
and gradual softening of its attitude towards Britain, etc.
Achievements were also made in the constituional experiment, to the eff-
ect that industrialisation started to develop rapidly, education was greatly ex-
panded, women's social status and medical services were in a measure improved,
the Egygtian people who had long been under despotic rule receieved initial
training in free election and parliamentary democracy, so that the pyincip1e
of freedom of speech and thinking started to take root step by step in the
society. To some extent, these factors lay the basis for Sadat later to aboli sh
one- party dictatorial system and adopt once again the multi-party parliamen-
tary democracy.
出处
《西亚非洲》
CSSCI
北大核心
1990年第4期52-56,9-80,共8页
West Asia and Africa
