论意识形态在国际关系中的作用——国际关系非意识形态化剖析

On the Ideological Role in International Relations——an Anatomy of the De-ideological View

战后的世界格局正在发生转折性的变化,缓和、对话与合作已成为时代的主要特点。然而,国际政治中的意识形态斗争却并没有消失,有时甚至还表现得相当激烈。国家间的意识形态斗争很早就有了,随着资本主义的产生与发展而变得更加鲜明。尤其在第二次世界大战以后,社会主义与资本主义的尖锐对抗,导致长期的"冷战"和朝鲜战争、越南战争那样的"热战",对国际格局发生了根本性的影响。东西方关系的缓和并不意味着意识形态色彩淡化,实质上,仅仅是斗争形式的变化而已。按马克思主义的观点,一个国家对外政策目标的价值取向,要受到一定的意识形态的影响和制约。所谓国际政治非意识形态的提法是不符合实际情况的。当然,我们也承认意识形态仅仅是决定和影响一个国家对外政策的诸因素中间的一个。一个国家社会制度的选择或更替,是一个国家的内部事务,理应由各国人民自己决定。任何一种社会制度或意识形态,都不能由外部强行向一个国家移植或推行。中国政府历来主张以"和平共处五项原则"处理国家间的关系。当今世界,众多国家,千差万别,我们要建立国际政治秩序,不干涉别国内政的原则,可以说是一个最根本,也是最起码的准则。

Our age,being characterized mainly by detente,dialogue and cooperation,is witnessing a fundamental change in the postwarworld pattern.Nevertheless,the ideological struggles in international politiesdo not disappear and sometimes appear even in a fairly acute way.Theideological struggles between countries,a long-existing phenomenon,had becomemore prominent along with the emergence and development of capitalism,especially in the postwar period.The sharp confrontation between socialismand capitalism during that period led to the lasting'cold war'and uch'hotwars'as the Korean and Vietnam wars,having produced a fundamental influenceon the global pattern.The current detente in East-West relations doesnot mean less emphasis on ideology but,in essenee,a change in the forms ofstruggles.In accordance with the Marxist views,the selection of foreignpolicy goals by a nation is to a great extent influenced and restricted by itsideology.The so-called de-ideological view in international politics does notconform to reality.Certainly,it has to be admitted that ideology is onlyone of the influential factors in deciding a nation's foreign policy.It is aninternal affair for a nation to choose and alternate its own social systemand thus should be decided by its people.Neither social system nor ideology,no matter how good,can be transplanted to or imposed upon a state by anexternal force.Chinese government has consistently stood to the assertionthat all nations should deal with their relations by adhering to the'fiveprinciples of peaceful co-existence.'In today's world with so manydiversified nations,a new international order ought to be established withnon-interference in others' internal affairs as its rudimentary principle.