联邦德国的发展道路

<Tittle>Development Road of FRG

今年是德意志联邦共和国诞生40周年。在这40年中,联邦德国从战争废墟上恢复发展,跃居为今日西方世界仅亚于美国和日本的第三大经济强国。据统计,1952年联邦德国国内生产总值为1365亿马克,1988年增长到16998亿马克(按1980年价格计算),近40年内增加12.4倍。从国民经济的发展水平看,到1968年,联邦德国国内生产总值(1351亿美元)已居西方世界第三位,超过法国和英国,仅次于美国(1970年为13630亿)和日本(1438亿美元)。1948年联邦德国进出口贸易总额为27.4亿美元,1988年增长到5739.27亿美元,低于美国(7811.7亿)。

After its founding, Federal Germany, thinking highly. of the opinions of the intellectuals, took t he cconomy as the foundation of thc country's development. It abandoned the old rcstrictivc economic system and pursued the social markct cconomy so as to return the functions of production and management back to cconomic cntitics and abolish economic controls to give full play to market mechnism and fully devclop cnterprises' initiativc and their sense of competition. At the same time it strengthened macro adjustment and control over the market economy, stressing competition and opposing monopoly. To ensure that the economic lifc goes in an order way, FRG, sincc its founding, has paid great attention to the construction of a democratic and legal system and has drawn up a detailed, logical 'Basic Law' and some other laws and regulations, and has established a state system with legislation, administration and judiciary counterbalancing cach other. It has stressed thc independance of press opinion and its role of supervision. It has separated thc function of the government from that of the political parties. It has practised the 'common settlement system' in labour relations, allowing workers' representitives to take part In the production management of their enterprises so as to link the intercsts of the workers and the capitalists, alleviate their contradiction and ensure to the enterprises a smooth production order. It has carried out a system of social welfare and social insurance.