阿富汗国家的诞生——兼论国家产生的第四种形式

THE BIRTH OF AFGHAN NATION——A FOURTH FORM OF A NATION'S FOUNDING

18世纪中叶,人类历史上的第一个阿富汗民族国家—杜兰尼王国宣告成立。这个国家的诞生,不仅开创了阿富汗历史的新阶段,而且展现了国家产生的一条新途径。

Afghan nation was founded at a time as late as 1747, it is a particularphenomenon in history. The road followed by Afghans to build their nation isapparently different form What Engels had pointed out in The Origin of Fami-lies, Private. Ownership and Nations indicating three main forms by which allnations rose form the ruins of clan system. Not like these, fghans foundedtheir own national state through struggles against foreign oppression: theygained national consciousness in the struggles which in turn laid down a politicalfundament of the nation and finally led its birth. There are two features inthis unique road to found the nation: 1. a obvious 'jump' is visible in thenation's transformation from the remains of a clan System 'to a maturity of afeudal society all in one step'; 2. there remains a strong and sustained influ-ence of primitive custom in the society. The unique road of the founding ofAfghanistan gives Afghans a glorious tradition of peace-loving and oppression-defying spirit, however, owing to the powerful tribal and religious forces, italso bring about many restless factors in this nation, forming a root of a back-ward situation in it.