试谈英汉同义词比较

Note on Synonymous Comparison between English and Chinese

英汉两种语言中均有很丰富的同义词。英汉词汇学家、语义学家历来都重视同义词的研究,尤其近些年来,他们以现代语义学理论为指导,采用新的方法,使同义词的研究有了新的发展。本文拟就英汉同义词的概念、来源、类型、核心词以及研究方法等问题进行比较,找出其异同,探索其发展变化的规律。一.英汉同义词的概念英语同义词的传统定义为:Synonymsare words differing in sound form but identicalor similar in meaning。

This paper deals with the differences and similarities between the English and Chinesesynonyms in the aspects of concepts, sources, types, synonymic dominants and seme analysisby referring to the contemporary theory of semantics and the findings from the research onthe English and Chinese synonyms. It also makes a detailed comparison between the Englishand Chinese synonyms by analyzing shade of meaning, affective meaning, stylistic meaning,collocative meaning and distribution of synonyms. With finding the synonymic dominants forthe synonym groups, their areas and heads, and the starting point of synonym analysis canall be defined and the book on synonyms compiled easily. Seme analysis disintegrates thegeneral idea of 'meaning' into the forms of sememes, which assigns the concept of 'quantity'to the 'similarity' and 'difference' between synonyms and thus brings about the mostpreliminary forms for the formalization of meaning.