大豆遗传资源保护的法律法规及其可专利性

Laws and Regulations for Protection and Patent of Soybean Genetic Resources

大豆起源于中国,中国是世界上大豆遗传资源最为丰富的国家,也曾经是世界上最主要的大豆生产国和出口国。半个多世纪以来,科学技术的进步带动了一些美洲国家大豆产业的迅猛发展,中国的大豆生产量由世界首位降到美国、巴西之后,从大豆出口国变为大豆净进口国,大豆成为中国农产品贸易中最令国际社会关心的贸易作物。随着农业生物技术的快速发展,知识产权保护的法律法规的国际化,尤其是我国加入WTO以后,大豆研究、开发、生产领域遇到了来自比其他作物前所未有的挑战。作为我国最重要的植物蛋白、食用油及动物饲料来源的大豆作物,有效地利用有关的法律法规保护我国大豆种质资源及新品种已经迫在眉睫。本文着重介绍了与大豆遗传资源、新品种保护相关的我国法律法规,进行了大豆保护的可专利性分析,并对大豆研发过程中的知识产权保护问题作了初步探讨,以促进对大豆新品种的申请保护,提高我国应对来自国外竞争的抗衡能力。

China is the recognized soybean mother country and owns the most plenty of soybean genetic resources in the World. China had already been the major country of soybean producer and exporter, and ranks behind in USA and Brazil in soybean products and become net importing country due to the development of soybean sciences and technologies in America counties from the recent half-century. Now soybean becomes the most compelling trade crop in international crop product trade in China. With the rapidly developments of agricultural biotechnology and more aware of protection of intellectual property, there are much more unprecedented challenges in the fields of research, development and utilizations of Chinese soybean production, especially in joining the WTO. Soybean as well-known resources of plant protein, edible oil and forage plant in China should been urgently protected in the levels of genetic resources and new varieties based on the laws and regulations. In this paper authors mainly introduced the laws and regulations related to protection of genetic resources and new varieties of soybean and analyzed the feasible of patent in soybean genetic resources.