小学儿童短时记忆发展特点的初步研究

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics of Primary School Children's Short-Term Memory Development

本研究选用WISC—R 和临床记忆量表的部分测题,考察了小学儿童短时记忆发展特点.结果表明:(1)小学儿童短时记忆能力随年龄增长呈上升发展趋势,7—9岁年龄段是迅速发展时期;(2)凡运用记忆策略识记材料,其效果总比机械识记好;小学中、高年级儿童的意义识记和机械识记效果均优于低年级;(3)小学各年龄段儿童具体词的记忆效果均优于抽象词,但这种差别随年龄增长而缩小.

In the present study are observedthe characteristics of the shory-termmemory development of primary schoolchildren with the help of some itemsof the WISC—R and clinical memoryassessment scale.The results are asfollows:1)the short-term memoryability of primary school children tendsto grow with their age increase,andthere is a rapid development period atthe age of 7—9;2)to memorizematerials with some strategies provesto be more efficient than mechanicalmemorization.School children ofintermediate and higher grades havebetter memorization both meaningfuland mechanical,than pupils of lowergrades do;3)all the age-groups of primary school children prove tomemorize concrete words more effi-ciently than they do abstract ones,butthe difference diminishes with the ageincrease.