浅析布雷顿森林体系

A BRIEF ANALYSIS ON THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM

近年来,国际金融形势动荡混乱,浮动汇率制和多元储备的弊端日益暴露,进一步改革国际货币制度的呼声甚嚣麈上。有人甚至主张重建类似布雷顿森林体系那样的国际金汇兑本位制度。看来回顾布雷顿森林体系,重新评价它的利弊和历史功过,对于展望国际货币制度改革的前景是有理论意义和现实意义的。以下对布雷顿森林体系进行一些粗浅的剖析:

This international monetary system advanced the scope of world trade,increased investment,and accelerated the development of production ofvarious countries, and, hence, has had a certain effect in improving theworld's economic prosperity during the early post war period. But theBretton Woods System in itself has following weak points: 1) Because most of the capitalist nations used U.S. dollars as theirforeign, exchange reserves, hence, when the U.S.dollar depreciated,itoften affected the stability of other nations' currencies; and when mostof the world's nations convert their U. S. dollar reserves for U.S. gold,this could shake the very foundations of this international monetarysystem. 2) Basically, the weak point of this system lies in its own inherent con-tradition: with or without a favorable balance of payments, the U. S .A.,the key currency country can bring difficulties to this monetary system.