试论城子崖类型

ON THE CHENGZIYA CULTURAL COMPLEX

前言三十年代初对山东省历城县龙山镇城子崖遗址的发掘,提出了"龙山文化"的命名。随后在安阳后冈和日照两城镇也发现了与城子崖类似的文化遗存。最先察觉到它们之间存在着"不可忽视的确定的地域差异"的是梁思永先生,提出了"豫北区"和"山东沿海区"的划分,并且指出:"地理上处于山东沿海区和豫北区之间的城子崖,有着一批似乎是文化接壤区所生产的陶器"。尹达同志将龙山文化划分为"两城期"、"龙山期"、"辛村期"。

The Chengziya cultural complex is distributed in modern central and western Shandong Province. It assimilated some elements of the Henan Longshan culture during the course of its gradual growth to its final formation. Among its pottery more than half is grey ware, the rest consists of black, red and white wares. Of the grey ware the greatest part is sandy ware, followed by clay ware; of the black ware the most is thin lustrous one and sandy one is uncommon. Most of the Chengziya pottery has a plain and burnished surface. The decorated objects mainly bear basket patterns, check and cord ones coming next. Making-on-wheel was the principal method used and the kiln temperature was comparatively high. Tripods and flat-bottomed vessels are the prevalent shapes. There are also ring-footed articles and a small number of quatripods and no round-bottomed vessels have been discovered. The main types are the tripods ding, gui, yah and li, basin, pot, single-handled cup, stemmed dou, rain-bowl, jar, plate and lid. Bonework, hornwork and especially shellwork were well developed. Remains of houses with lime floors and oracle bones have been discovered. Only a few tombs have been found and most of them are rectangular earth pits, mostl oriented to the east. Some of the grave pits have traces of 'second-tier platforms' of wooden coffins. The funeral objects of the tombs are different in number and pigs' lower jawbones were buried as grave goods in some cases. According to the finds, C-14 dates available s far as well as comparison with relevant remains, the Chengziya complex is temporarily divided into an earlier and a later period with each subdivided into two stages. Its terminus a quo is about 2600 B. C., and its terminus ad quem about 2000 B. C. or somewhat later.