面像身势与话语必须和谐——一条会话合作原则

The Harmony of Face-expression and Gestures:A Fresh Principle for the Cooperative Conversation

人的交谈总是伴随脸面表情、身姿与体位的变化的。可以做一个比喻:影子与人相随,面像身势与话语相伴。有了这个认识作基础,关于面像身势与话语内容配合一致是一条会话合作原则的讨论才得以展开。一、什么是面像身势(以下简称F.G.)与话语内容和谐?面像(Face expression)指的是说话人(S)面部表情,如眼、眉、耳、鼻、嘴、面庞肌肉的动象与颜色,眼睛放光的程度,面色和耳色的变化等。身势(Gesture)指的是S 的身体各部位位置变动与姿势、肢体动作(特别是手势)以及S 与听话人(H)的相对距离变化等。

The fact that face-expression and gestures should be reconciledwith utterances could be regarded as a fresh principle for the coop-erative conversation differing from Grice's C.P.The principle backed byboth psysiology and psychology and has proved to be of universiality.Speakers holding it up,conversation can thus be smooth in cooperativeways,while they violating it,the road to the cooperative conversationwould be closed down.The author has such a speculation that the coop-eration comes into being on the two levels:one of them is cognitiveas Grice's four maxims are,the other is psychological as thisprinciple of the harmony is.Precisely because of the harmony,theprinciple shows the aesthetic values of it's own in addition to it'sutilitarian ones.