战前日美经济关系的变化及其对日本外交政策的影响

SUMMARIES OF AR TICLES Japan-America Economic Relations and The Japanese Diplomatic Policies (1920-1931)

一次大战后,日美矛盾成为远东太平洋地区国际关系的焦点,与美国争夺中国市场成为日本对外政策的核心和出发点。由于美国经济对全球的影响力和日本资本主义本身对国际市场的严重依赖,日美两国经济关系的消长成为影响日本对外政策制定的重要因素。20年代日本外交标榜“与欧美列强协调一致”、“不干涉中国内政”和“经济往来”,即所谓“协调外交”。30年代初起,以“九一八”事变为转折点,这一国际协调外交迅速向武力外交转化。经“一·二八”事变、“七·七事变、”“八·一三”事变,直至挑起珍珠港事变,导致太平洋战争全面爆发。引起日本外交剧烈变化的原因是多方面的,本文试图从一战后日美矛盾这一基本要素出发,探讨这一时期日美两国经济关系对日本外交政策的影响。

The highly dependence of Japan's economy upon the U. S. domestic market was notonly an important factor influencing Japan's foreign policy in the 1920s, but also theeconomic basis for Japan to Pursue the policy of international coordination by then.The unprecedentedly severe depression of the capitalist world from 1920 to 1933 brokedown the international economic order and Japan-U. S. trade structure established afterWorld War I. The loss of American raw silk market made the Chinese become moreimportant for Japan. The Chinese market has very important strategic significances forJapan.It could not only lessen Japanese economic crisis but also change its 'passive'economy depended upon the U.S.market into an 'active' one that plunders and ex-ploits the colonies. It is the internal trend within the Japanese economy that finally ledto the result that Japan's foreign policy transformed fundamentally from a policy ofinternational coordination to that of an armed aggression to China in the 1930s.