赫鲁晓夫与戈尔巴乔夫和平共处论比较

Two Different Theories of Peaceful Coexistence: Khrushchev and Gorbachev

在1961年苏共第22次代表大会和1986年苏共第27次代表大会上,和平共处政策分别被作为“社会主义与资本主义之间的阶级斗争的一种特殊形式”和“不同社会制度国家和平共处”是“一种国际秩序”载入党纲。显然,和平共处政策的这两种提法具有重要区别。那么,这两种提法各自包含了那些理论的差异?两者是否存在着继承关系?本文拟就赫鲁晓夫和戈尔巴乔夫的和平共处思想作一些比较研究。

Both the Khrushchev and Gorbachev years are full of reforms in the Sovi et Union's foreign strategy. The later has inherited former's theoretical principles and strategic conception in quite a few aspects and developed them. Both of them found themselves in a situation of international relations which was unfavorable to the Soviet Union as a result of the previous strategic errors. Thus, both of their theories of peaceful coexistence include balanced tactics as well as new understandings of the problems in the international relations. Present time by various factors including those in the Capitalist world. The for- mer regarded peaceful coexistence as a paticular form of class struggle in which the competition between the two camps was centre of the world development at that time while the later took peaceful coexistence to the general principle in the highest form in international relations a target of internatinal order. The kernal of the later's new thinking in the diplomatic realm is the humanitarianized international relations: the value of human existence is above all and all nations have the free- dom to choose their own roads. The former contributed to the detente of the international tension and presen- ted quite a few benefical ideas while the later's new thinking may herald the direc- tion of development of the international relations in the next century. The former's theory was chiefly based on the assuption that war was not una- voidable since the peaceful force headed by the socialist camp had been diamatica- lly strengthened and there was no longer a victor in traditional sense oftet an at- omic war. Based on this, the later points out how the contradictions leading to war are restricted at.