摘要
1935—1936年意大利侵略埃塞俄比亚以及英、法对意大利的纵容,是继日本侵占中国东北之后对集体安全体系的又一次严重打击。它引起了一系列的连锁反应,成为导致第二次世界大战的一个重要因素。埃塞俄比亚危机期间,法国处处袒护意大利,劣迹十分明显;而英国由于推行了一种“双重政策”,它的真正企图却一时不易分辨清楚。
On the eve of the Italo-Ethiopian War the British government pursued a‘doublepolicy of negotiation with Italy and loyalty to the League' (Hoare's words). By ado-pting this policy, Britain hoped that it could both satisfy Italy's demands on Ethiopiaand take the role of the defender of the League of Nations so as to placate public opi-nion at home and abroad. To take over Ethiopia‘peacefully' by Italy was the precon-dition of this‘double policy', but Mussolini, encouraged by Britain's concession, wasdetermined to use force, and the‘double policy'soon collapsed. The Conservative leaders came to a wrong conclusion that the League had involvedBritain in quarrels which, but for its existence, would have not affected the UK. Theydeemed it wise to secure peace in the future, not by means of collective security, butof regional arrangements with the Fascist dictators. In short, Britain's‘double policy'was a heavy blow to the system of collective security and one of the decisive factorsleading to the Second World War.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
1989年第5期4-17,159,共15页
World History
