训练过程的随机控制理论与方法

Theory and Methodology of Changeable Control is Sports Training

运动训练有确定性和不确定性两种训练控制模型。两种模型对运动训练实践都具有重要意义。训练计划的变更是实施训练过程随机控制的有效方法,表现了教练员控制训练过程的灵活性和艺术性。长远的训练计划具有相对稳定和变更较小的特点;当前的训练计划具有相对不够稳定和易变的特点。课训练计划的变更是教练员对训练过程实施有效控制的主要手段。教练员变更训练计划的决策过程包括变更确认决策和变更方案决策。教练员变更训练计划必须遵从目标原则,准确性和果断性原则、区别对待原则。

There are two kinds of control models in sports training, one being fixed and the other changeable. The fixed control model is used to handle the macroscopic process of training, while the changeable model oversees the microscopic, complicated changes in training. Both models are essential to the practice of sports training.Making necessary changes in a training programme is an effective way of exercising stochastic control over the process training. It ts an art that the coach should learn to master. While a long-term plan is more stable and less liable to change, a short-term programme is more changeable. The major means by which a coach exercises effective control over the process of training is to change the programme of each training session. In doing so, he must make accurate and reso1ute decisions, bearing in mind the ultimate goals to be achieved and following the principle of individualization.