戈尔巴乔夫的新思维与国际关系

Gorbachev' New Thinking and International Relations

从戈尔巴乔夫1986年初正式提出对外政策新思维,到1987年11月《改革与新思维》一书正式出版,也不过短短两年之久的时间。但是,新思维及其在实践中的政策主张,已迫使全世界的政治家和国际问题专家重新认真温习战后四十多年的国际关系史,并对今后十几年、二十年,乃至几十年的世界前景作出各种猜测和描绘。新思维究竟新在哪里,何以会引起种种复杂的反响,经历过"冷战、解冻、紧张、缓和、紧张"等不同阶段的国际局势,在新思维的冲击下,是否有可能进入一个新阶段呢?这是很值得研究的问题。

Mikhail Gorbachev's new thinking in the area of foreign policy is both a theory about international issues and a method for observing and studyng them. Under the current international situations, military force is no longer capable of solving international contradictions. The new thinking demands the use of the political dialogue as a basic means to solve international disputes, This new thinking of Gorbachev has evoked intense repercussion in Western countries, well received there as a great breakthrough in East-West relations. But Western countries are rather cautious in expressing their welcome while watching closely the change in the development of Soviet foreign policies. Analyzing Gorbachev's new thinking, one should take into account the following: 1) Analysis of the factors behind Soviet readjustment of policies should be based on the international consequence of the new thinking; 2) It is necessary to analyze both Soviet foreign and domestic policies in a unified way since the two are originated from the same guiqing ideology; 3) Reform has become an irreversible trend in the country; 4) It is worthwhile noticing the corresponding changes made by the United States and the range and intensity of the detente of the international situation.