战后英国对华政策中的现实主义因素

Realistic Elements Reflected in Postwar British Policies to ward China

英国是西方大国中最早承认中华人民共和国的国家。近年来随着中英关于香港前途问题协议的签订,两国关系的发展引起人们广泛的注意和兴趣。英国同中华人民共和国的关系大致上可以划分为三个历史发展阶段:1949—1954年,中英为寻找确立两国关系的适当形式进行探索的时期,1954—1972年,两国半建交关系时期;1972年关系正常化后,两国关系迅速发展的时期。回顾战后中英关系发展的历史,可以明显看到英国外交政策中所固有的那种现实主义态度。

Britain is the earliest among major countries in the West which has es- tablished diplomatic relations with China. Looking back upon postwar developments of Sino-British relations, it is easy to find the influence of its western allies and the US in particular over its policies toward China, but it is also true that the British government has always taken a realistic approach to readjust its policies toward China in accordance with changing realities. Following are just a few examples in this respect: recognition of PRC in 1950, vote in 1961 favouring the restoration of China's legitimate seat in UN, and the signing of Joint Declaration on the issue of Hong Kong in 1984.