法国宏观经济调节机制面临的挑战与变革

Challenge and Reform Confronted by Macro Economic Mechanism in France

战后,法国建立了以市场经济为基础,国家调节与市场机制相并容的"混合经济体制",它对促进战后经济迅速恢复及稳定、协调、高速的增长起了重要作用。然而,七十年代以来,面对世界经济形势的急剧变化,法国的传统宏观调节手段日益失去效率,经济陷入困境。为适应形势的变化,实现"重振经济"的目标,法国政府大力调整"国家"与"市场"之间的关系,对宏观调节机制进行了一系列重大变革。尤其最近几年来,政府采取了许多旨在削弱经济集权制,加强自由放任的"自由化"政策和措施,试图通过放松控制和加强竞争,给经济带来新的生机和活力。法国的变革令人注目,也为我们提供了一些值得深思的经验和教训。

Due to the changing economic situation across the world since the 1970s, the macro economic mechanism created in postwar France has been facing a series of challenges: loss of efficiency by means of regulation, crises occurred in the field of planning mechanism and industrial structure and economy caught in predicament. To meet the needs of the changing situation, realize the objective of revitalizing economy and regulate the relations between state and market, the French government has for the recent years carried out essential reforms in terms of regulation mechanism of macro-economy, implementation of economic policies for long term and stable development, readjustments of industrial structure, putting into practice decentralization, strengthening the means of indirect control and marketing mechanism and promoting economic liberalism. By weakening centralization of economy, loosening up control over it and bringing in competitions, the government has brought forth new life and vitality for its economy. The above-mentioned reforms have already showed some good results, though implemented before long. As a result, economy has embarked on the path of healthy and stable development.