战后英国对外政策之我见

British Post-war Diplomacy

对二次大战后的英国外交政策历来有相当不一致的评论。一种说法是把战后英国外交概括为"三环外交",并认为由于英国力量衰退、力不从心,"三环外交"环环落空。有人认为"英美特殊关系"实际是"英国对美国的特殊依赖关系"。还有人认为英帝国主义虽然非常狡猾,但在高涨的民族解放运动面前英国的殖民政策仍逃脱不了失败的厄运。还有一种说法认为英国过于迷恋和追求世界大国地位,以致错过了加入欧洲共同体的良好时机。总之,战后英国的对外政策似乎就是一部不断撤退、失败、坐失良机的纪录。但是,我认为,认真地。

Commentators have always argued with each other about the success and failure of British foreign policy in the post-war era. The author of this article believes that some of their viewpoints are not in conformity with facts. According to the author, the British post-war diplomacy was not a record of repeated retreat, defeat and missing of good opportunities, but rather, a record of certain successes. Especially on some critical moments, British government achieved victories by sizing up the situation and applying appropriate diplomatic strategies. Realism is the character and tradition of British diplomacy. It enables the British government to make timely adjustments to its foreign policy according to the changing external and domestic climate and situation so as to gain interests and benefits as much as the objective situation allows. The author expounds his arguments through analysis of the following four aspects: policy of new equilibrium of power——a product of changes that occurred in the international situation and the balance of power; decolonization: 'U.K.-U.S. special relations'; and the shift from a global diplomacy to policies that are confined to European continent.