世界经济中的相互依赖关系

Interdependent Relations of World Economy

我们生活在一个日益变小、然而愈益相互依赖的世界之中,不断扩大的贸易交往,日益增多的资本流动,加速发展的技术传播和信息交流等等,使得各国经济日益相互渗透、相互依赖和相互制约。经济生活的高度国际化已经成为我们这个时代发展的一个基本特征。早在100多年前,马克思、恩格斯就在《共产党宣言》里指出:"资产阶级,由于开拓了世界市场,使一切国家的生产和消费都成为世界性的了","过去那种地方的和民族的自给自足的闭关自守状态,被各民族的各方面的互相往来和各方面的互相依赖所代替了"。

World trade, capital flow and shift of technology have been increasing very fast over the postwar years. Therefore, with regard to the world economy, interdependent relations among different countries have also been strengthened. Based on inter-penetration and inter-restriction, a mechanism linking commodity, currency, capital and technology together has been established. The root cause for shaping up interdependent relations of this kind lies in the highly-developing internationalization of productive forces. The interdependent relations consist of two-tier structure, namely symmetrical and non-symmetrical structure, and with the latter frequently functioning, thus becoming the basic characteristic in the structure of the world economic relations. Within this system, each participant country hopes to make maximum profit, but suffer minimum loss. Therefore, the system itself is full of such conflicts as trade war, capital monopoly and fluctuation of exchange rates. On the other hand, however, exist some other elements which are capable of deterring the intensification of the conflicts mentioned-above. Consequently, coordination and mitigation have time and again become the common wish of all the participants. The ever-strengthening of the interdependent relations of the world economy is an unreversible trend. Only by succeeding in making their national economies take part in extensive activities of the world economy, can all these countries make big strides in the economic development.