试论战后意大利外交政策的若干变化

Various Changes in Postwar Foreign Policy of Italy

一、意大利的战略地位与经济、政治局势关于西欧战后外交政策,一般大都集中讨论英国、法国与联邦德国三个国家,书籍论文也大抵围绕这三个国家。而对于西欧的第四大国意大利,(它的人口、面积、大体与英、法、西德相当),往往很少提及。由于意大利是第二次大战中的战败国,过去经济发展水平处于中下游,军事力量也不强盛,因此得不到应有的重视。意大利共和国是位于南欧地区的一个北约组织成员国,由于它在地理上处于东西方对峙的前哨与地中海的中流砥柱地带,因此战略地位十分重要。战后意大利经济在西方七个大国中困难本来最多,人口密集,

The postwar foreign policy in Italy has always focused on enhancing the country's international standing. Making friends with the US, allying itself with Europe and contending with the USSR are the basic principles of the foreign policy laid down by the Catholic Democratic Party in the 1950s, which have long become the diplomatic norms for Italy. Following the changing international situation since the 1970s, corresponding changes have taken, place in its foreign policy too so as to defend its own security. They mainly express themselves in developing contacts with the USSR and East European countries, and easing the tension between East and West. Over the past few years, the Italian government has vigorously pursuing 'small-scale oriental policy' to stimulate more contacts and excharges between Eastern and Western Europe. Meanwhile, it has been paying great attention to developing relations with Third World countries, and with the Middle East and Mediterranean countries in particular.