戈尔巴乔夫执政后的苏联中东政策

THE SOVIET MIDDLE EAST POLICY AFTER GORBACHEV COMING INTO POWER

自1985年3月戈尔巴乔夫开始执政,至今已经三年了。在此期间,戈尔巴乔夫提出了外交政策的“新思维”。经过了一段实践的“新思维”确实在世界上引起很大的反应:有的褒,有的贬,有的抱希望,有的谨言慎行,有的仍持怀疑态度,甚至彼此之间相互矛盾。虽说反应是多种多样的,但是大家都不得不承认在戈尔巴乔夫的领导下。

Since Gorbachev coming into power, Soviet government pursued a new Middle East policy, casting aside its original characters of rigidness and stub- bornness and making a feature of activeness, flexibility and carefulness. The policy mainly consisted of following points: actively lending a hand into the affairs in Gulf Area; urging to convene an international conference for the peace of the Middle East; managing to get away from Afghanistan; seeking to play a more important role in solving the problem of Cyprus; while consolidationg its relations with old partners, extending its relations with new ones, so that heightening its position and influence in the Middle East. Furthermore, Soviet government, in doing so, added some marked hues in its policy. (1) The Soviet Union abandoned its old method of military expansion, and actively poked its nose into the Middle East affairs with a 'peaceful' banner streaming high. (2) It gave up the stubbornness of tit for tat at- titude against Americans and unfolded diplomatic activities with moderate Arab countries. (3) It launched a multi-layer and overall diplomatic movement towards all Middle East countries. With Gorbachev as a designer, the Soveit government has gained some advantages in its diplomatic offensive which was apparentely inseparable from a diplomatic 'new thinking' suggested by him. That whether the variation of the Soviet Middle East policy reflects the change of its foreign strategy or mere an? adjustment of its tactics waits for further-observation.