论非洲国家经济建设的经验教训

A DISCUSSION ON THE EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS IN THE ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES

非洲——昔日被西方称为世界的“黑暗大陆”,第二次世界大战后,民族解放运动风起云涌,其声势之大,地域之广,发展之快,为其它任何一洲所不及。非洲战前只有三个独立国家,到1980年除纳米比亚外,非洲50个国家都已获得了独立。从具有历史意义的非洲独立年1960年算起,非洲国家在经济建设的征途上已经走过了28年的历程。

After their independence, African nations have been making every effort to achieve the aims of getting rid of colonial economic pattern imposed by their old metropolis and looking for a new social and economic development strategy. During the 1960s and early part of 1970s, African nations experienced a period of economic growth, then, the growth rate slowed down owing to the change of internal and international conditions, and from 1980 onward their economy deteriorated seriously. At present, African nations are in the straits featured by following phenomena: 1. a stagnation in economic development and people living in poverty; 2. a decline in agriculture and a shortage in grain; 3. a sharp rise in foreign debt and a rapid drop in foreign trade; 4. a slow development in industry and an insufficiency in basic facilities; 5. backward education, poor health facilities, and lack of scientific and technical personnel. In order to vatilize their economy, African nations now all renew their social and economic development strategies and make more or lese adjustment and revision to them. In the course of probing the road of their development, African nations have got some successful experiences as well as some failing lessons from which the developing nations including China can make use of. It is of universal significance to correctly recognize and handle following problemst: 1. it is necessary to work out a social and economic development strategy in accordence with both individual nation's condition and African personality as a whole: 2. the relation between industrial and agricultural developments should be prope- rly disposed; 3. a wise choice should be make to decide the nationalization and denationalization of interprises; 4. the relation of maintaining independence and autonomy and self--reliance to seeking foreign aid and economic cooperation should be correctly handled; 5. the improvement of people's livelihood should correspond to production growth.