试论徽州地理环境对徽商和徽派民居建筑的影响

ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT IN HUIZHOU PREFECTURE UPON THE HUIZHOU MERCHANTS AND THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF HUIZHOU LOCAL DWELLINGS

文章从文化生态学角度,论述了徽州地理环境对徽商和徽派民居建筑的影响,认为:1、徽州人商业活动起源于徽州物产“结构性失调”,徽州“地狭人稠”促使“徽民寄命于商”;2、徽商经营行业受徽州地理环境影响,以徽州物产余缺为基础;3、徽州群山环抱,陆路交通闭塞,新安江等水路从而成为徽商境内外贸易的主要通道;4、徽商投资产业多在徽州以外地域,明显受徽州物产和市场因素影响;5、徽州民居建筑在选址、用地、材料、结构、造型等方面,与徽州地理环境和谐、协调。

From the point of view of cultural-ecology, this paper discusses the influence of Huizhou geographical conditions upon Huizhou trade and the traditional folk house in Huizhou and puts forward some views as follows: 1. Commercial activities of Huizhou people originated from the structural maladjustment of products in this region. Narrow and small arable and dense population made folks in Huizhou concentrate on Commerce. 2. Under the control of geographical environment, the trade clique of Huizhou had to transact business on the basis of the surplus and deficiency of products in Huizhou. 3. With mountains closed up, Waterways, such as the Xinanjiang River etc, are main passageways of internal and external trade. 4. Owing to causes of products and market. Huizhou merchants invested beyond this district. 5. The location, land use, material, structure, modelling and decorating of the traditional house in Huizhou are in harmony with natural environment in Huizhou.