河南省五县古代铁矿冶遗址调查

Surveys of Ancient Iron Mining and Smelting Sites in Five Counties,Henan.

文物考古工作者和冶金史研究单位联合,对河南省境内铁矿冶遗址重点县,进行了科学考察。1974年冬,北京科技大学黄务滌教授、中国冶金史研究室姚建芳同志、河南省文物研究所李京华同志,对安阳县、林县的铁矿冶遗址进行了调查。1976年秋。

In the winter of 1974 and the autumn of 1976,archaeologists and metallurg- ists made a survey of some important mine and smeltery sites in five counties, e.g.,Anyang,Linxian,Lushan,Nanzhao and Tongbai,including 4 iron mine sites from the Tang to the Yuan dynasties and 10 iron smeltery sites from the Han to the Yuan dynasties.In the ancient times,iron awls and iron hammers were used in underground mining or cave mining.There were no any support in mining caves,and mine dust was left behind in the caves.In the Han dynasties, the blast furnaces were built by rammed black fireproof material and clay,and the smelting furnaces were built by laying refractory bricks.In the Tang and the Song dynasties,some of blast furnaces were dig on steep cliff,in order to reduce the elevator equipment for loading.In the plain areas,the walls of blast furnaces were built by laying stone,the outside of wall was piled up with clay, and there was a special angle of 78—80 in the upper body of the furnace,all these show that the constuction of blast furnaces was being perfected.Coal was adopted as a new fuel in the smelteries of the Tang and the Song dynasties, where the coal sources were rich.Some of ore,slag and wall of furnace were analysed,and the results represent the level of the ancient metallurgy.