20世纪中国的四次实证史学思潮

Four Waves of Positivist Historiography in 20th Century China

中国 2 0世纪共经历了四次实证史学思潮 :世纪初的“为历史而治历史”思潮 ,二三十年代的“把历史学语言学建设得和地质学、生物学等同样”的新历史考证学 ,80年代初的“回到乾嘉时代”,90年代的“振兴国学”与“南北二陈”。四次实证史学思潮各有其特点和现实针对性 ,而学科化建设和科学化道路则是贯穿2 0世纪中国史学始终的两大主题。但是 ,考据毕竟只是手段 ,不是目的 。

China in the 20th century had witnessed four positivist waves of thoughts of history: to study history for pure research at the beginning,to let history equal to science as physiography & biology in 1920s,to return to Qian Jia epoch in 1980s,and to promote Chinese traditional learning & two Chens in north and south.Each thought had its own characteristics and had been directed against the current reality.The aim of history had become a branch of subject and science in the 20th century.But historical textual research is only means,not the end.The positivist history cannot meet the demand of the social change and academic development.