地理学的基本规律

The Basic Rules of Geography

地理学有三个基本规律:一,地域分异规律,包括纬度地带性、经度地带性、垂直地带性和非地带性;二,地域综合规律,包括距离衰减规律和区域系统规律;三,地域发展规律,包括地理环境周期性发展和人地关系发展阶段性.这些规律既涉及自然过程,又涉及社会过程,许多重大的历史事件,如文明古国的出现,东亚经济起飞,我国开放政策,在地域上都受地理学基本规律的影响.

Geography is a science that investigates the mutual relationships and interac-tions between natural and human elements on the earth's surface,and is a science of the covergence between natural sciences and social sciences.The basic rules of geography touch upon both natural process and social process.There are altogether three basic rules in geography.Firstly,the rule of regional differentiation,including latitudinal zonality,meridional zonality,altitutinal zonality and none zonality.Secondly,the rule of regional complex,including the rule of distance decay,and the rule of regional system.Thirdly,the rule of regional development,including the periodic law of geographical environment and the rule of the period of man-land relationship.Many important historical problems,such as the appearance of ancient cultural countries,the economical taking off in East Asia,and the Open Policy of China,are impacted by the basic rules of geography.