微电脑与21世纪儿童的早期智力开展

Micro-computer and Children's Early Intelligence Development In the 21st Century

本文通过对计算机科学和技术发展过程的回顾和展望,认为到21世纪,随着计算机的知识化、推理化、小型化以及在价格上的大幅度下降,微电脑将会影响着整个社会,也必将冲击现有的教育模式。将会出现新型的智能专家系统,为儿童提供良好的知识环境;同时由于计算机的自然语言化,将更有利于儿童掌握和使用计算机。可以预言,微电脑将会成为21世纪儿童早期智力开发的有效工具,起重要作用:①极大丰富儿童的学习、生活内容;②提供给儿童更多自由创造的机会;③改变汉字的教学方式;④促进儿童独立地解决问题的能力;⑤使儿童在游戏中训练自己的智力;⑥使教师能够因材施教。同时,21世纪的微电脑教育能也会带来一些问题。第一,儿童对父母的情感或信任感可能会发生变化。第二,对于儿童情感和社会化过程的发展将无能为力,成为21世纪的突出问题。第三,在培养儿童的某些智力上有困难。第四,早期教育的某些目标可能会受到损害。第五,将对儿童健康产生一定影响。

By reviewing the development of computer science and technology,the authors believe that by the 21st century,the microcomputer will have effect on the whole society,the education style. New intelligent expert systems will be emerged with the developmente of computer science and technology and will provide children with favourable environment of knowledge.The naturalization of computer language will facilitate childrens learnig of computers.So it is predicted that microcomputer will become an effective tool for developing children's intelligence and play an important role in following aspects:(1)enrich the context of child's learning and life;(2)provide more opportunities for children's creative activities;(3) change the teaching methods of Chinese;(4)improve children's ability of independent problem-solving;(5)children's self-training in the course of game;(6)individual teaching. In the 2lst century,microcmputer education is not perfect,It will also bring about some problems:(1)affect children's feeling and trust on their parents;(2)do nothing to children's development of feeling and socialization process;(3)difficult to make use of computer to develop children's abilties (4)affect some goals of early education(5)some negative effects on children s health.