山东省农村居民意外伤害流行病学分析

Analysis on the Accidental Injuries Epidemiology among Rural Residents in Shandong Province

目的 了解农村居民意外伤害的人群与职业暴露特征。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法，在山东省随机抽取20个行政村居民为调查对象。调查2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日伤害及其相关情况，采用SPSS 17.0软件建立数据库和统计分析。结果共调查11902人，其中1年中曾遭受≥1次意外伤害的927人，年伤害发生率7.79%，男性(9.92%高于女性(4.29%χ=123.40，P<0.001。前6位伤害类型是器械/工具伤、运输事故))2伤、跌倒、动物伤、烧烫伤和中毒。农村商业经营人员发生率最高(12.65%)，其次是普通农民(8.28%)。农作物运输(OR：2.51，95%CI：1.93~3.26)和农场建筑修缮(OR：2.56，95%CI：2.12~3.10)工种伤害危险高，家务劳动、农作物种植和饲养业者是保护因素。年工作<90d伤害危险最高(OR：2.09，95%CI：1.54~2.84)，181~270d伤害危险降低(OR：0.83，95%CI：0.75~0.93)。结论农村商业经营人员、农作物运输、建筑修缮、每年工作<90d等伤害发生率高，从事上述职业和工种的农村居民和临时劳动者更应注意预防因农业暴露造成的伤害。

Objective To understand the status of population and occupational exposure of accident injuries among rural residents.Methods Aretrospective investigation was conducted among ruralresidents in 20 villages with multistage cluster sampling method in Shandong province. Accidental injuries occurred in activities related injuries were recorded. Data was input and analyzed by SPSS17.0statistical software. Results Atotal of 927cases reported at least 1 accident injury out of the 11902 people who had been surveyed in one year. The annual incidence rate was 7.79% and higher in males (9.92%) then in 2 females (4.29%) , χ=123.40，P<0.001. Major external causes related to injuries rate were instruments or tools being used,then the traffic transportation, falls, animal bites, scalded or burn and poisoning. Business service personnel was the highest incidence rate of 12.65% in all occupational population, then was peasants of 8.28%. The crops transportation work(OR:2.51，95%CI:1.93~3.26) and repaired the farm building work (OR:2.56，95%CI:2.12~3.10) were high risk factors, but the housework, the cropsproduction work the domesticate animals work were protective factors. Working time (181~270d) had lower risk (OR:0. 83 ，95%CI :0.75~0.93) but the high risk in <90d working time(OR:2.09，95%CI:1.54~2.84). Conclusion Business service personnel, the crops transportation work, repaired the farm building work and the workingtime lower 90d peryear have high injuries incidence rate. Therefore the occupational farmer should be attention to preventive injuries of activity in agriculturalexposure.