中国民族植物学:回顾与展望

Chinese Ethnobotany: Retrospect and Prospects

本文对中国民族植物学发展史、研究进展和今后发展趋势进行了论述与讨论。民族植物学在中国起步较晚,但在过去二十年里已从无到有,建立起了民族植物学研究的理论框架、内容、方法和途径,将民族植物学从基础描述性研究(调查、记载、编目),推进到应用研究,在植物资源的可持续利用、生物多样性保护、农村发展和山区扶贫等方面取得若干进展。当前,我国民族植物学研究面临发展的新机遇和新的挑战,必须面向国民经济发展的新形势,投入西部大开发,加强了学科建设,推进研究与产业发展的结合,充分运用西部地区的学科资源优势,东部地区的人才智力优势与资本优势,把民族植物学由地区性研究推进到全国性研究,进一步完善中国特色的民族植物学研究体系,积极参与国际合作与交流,对我国国民经济的持续发展、民族地区的团结稳定和生物多样性保护作出更大的贡献。

This paper describes and discusses the development history of Chinese ethnobotany and research ad-vances and future development trend of ethnobotany in China. Ethnobotany as discipline to study with in China wasbegun in 1982, however its progress made in development of the subject is remarkable in establishment of theoreticframeworks; identification of research areas; methodological development and set-up appropriate approaches for ba-sic and applied ethnobotany. Today, ethnobotany in China has been developed from basic, or descriptive research(investigation, documentation and inventory) into applied phase for plant resources and conservation, immense progresshas been made in sustainable management of plant resources, biodiversity conservation and rural development. In thenew century, Chinese ethnobotany has to face new challenges and opportunities for its development. It has to face thenew conditions of national economy development in Chinas West Provinces and promoting integration of researchand enterprise development, to make full use of ethnobotanical resources of West China and financial resources fromEast China; to develop ethnobotany from regional research subject into national-wide scientific research subject; andto further accomplish the entire disciplinary system of Chinese ethnobotany, contributing to sustainable developmentof national economy, livelihood of rural people, conservation of biodiversity, and consolidation of all ethnic nationali-ties of the country.[